Kineologist HTML Report

PITCHING SCIENTIST REPORT

This report preserves detailed technical pitching evidence, comparison authorities and interpretation boundaries for scientific review.

PITCH SUMMARY

  • Pelvis-to-shoulder-to-arm sequencing — High-priority finding
  • Early wrist-speed ramp timing — Notable finding
  • Shoulder-line rotation timing — Notable finding
  • Kinematic throwing-arm proxy indicators — Notable finding
  • Elevated elbow / upper-arm orientation proxy — Observed finding
  • Late forearm-direction lag timing — Observed finding

ACTION PLAN

CURRENT-PITCH PRIORITIES

1) Mechanical objective: address the measured pelvis-to-shoulder-to-arm sequencing pattern without changing unrelated mechanics.

Coaching action: Rehearse the pelvis-to-shoulder-to-arm sequence at controlled effort, preserving clear proximal-to-distal progression without forcing range.
Evidence to recheck: Review pelvis and shoulder rotation together with the exact arm-event evidence that caused the sequencing finding.
Boundary: motion-sequence intervention; not a force or medical prescription.

2) Mechanical objective: address the measured early wrist-speed ramp timing pattern without changing unrelated mechanics.

Coaching action: Rehearse a progressive elbow-to-forearm-to-wrist acceleration sequence at controlled effort rather than rushing the wrist-speed build.
Evidence to recheck: Recheck the wrist-speed-build peak against the subject’s own peak wrist-speed event and inspect the surrounding arm sequence.
Boundary: motion-sequence intervention; not a force or medical prescription.

3) Mechanical objective: address the measured shoulder-line rotation timing pattern without changing unrelated mechanics.

Coaching action: Rehearse pelvis-to-shoulder rotation timing at controlled effort and confirm shoulder-line rotation is not arriving late relative to the distal-arm event.
Evidence to recheck: Review the shoulder-line rotation peak against the exact distal-arm timing event and inspect the associated pelvis/shoulder curves.
Boundary: motion-sequence intervention; not a force or medical prescription.

4) Mechanical objective: address the measured kinematic throwing-arm proxy indicators pattern without changing unrelated mechanics.

Coaching action: Rehearse the throwing-arm sequence at controlled effort, then recheck the specific kinematic loading-proxy conditions that fired.
Evidence to recheck: Review every causal loading-proxy condition in Current Evidence at its exact frame or event; do not treat the proxy as a direct elbow-load measurement.
Boundary: motion-sequence intervention; not a force or medical prescription.

5) Mechanical objective: address the measured elevated elbow / upper-arm orientation proxy pattern without changing unrelated mechanics.

Coaching action: Rehearse the P2 arm shape at controlled effort and check whether the elevated-elbow pattern persists without forcing a target position.
Evidence to recheck: Recheck elbow height, humerus orientation and the exact persistence evidence around P2 together with the 3D pose.
Boundary: motion-sequence intervention; not a force or medical prescription.

6) Mechanical objective: address the measured late forearm-direction lag timing pattern without changing unrelated mechanics.

Coaching action: Rehearse the forearm-and-wrist sequence at controlled effort through the late acceleration/release window without forcing a target angle.
Evidence to recheck: Recheck the forearm-direction lag evidence and its exact timing around P3/P4 together with wrist-speed and elbow-motion curves.
Boundary: motion-sequence intervention; not a force or medical prescription.

COMPARATIVE REVIEW POINTS

1) Review point: The largest observed throwing-side local-rotation difference from the selected reference was 60.8° at throwing upper arm in P4 (frame 112). This is a descriptive reference difference, not a stand-alone indication that the subject is mechanically wrong. 3 additional throwing-side joint difference(s) are listed in the detailed selected-reference joint-pose review.

throwing shoulder: peak local-rotation difference 30.0° at P3→P4 (frame 110); authority: phase-locked pose.
throwing upper arm: peak local-rotation difference 60.8° at P4 (frame 112); authority: phase-locked pose.
throwing forearm: peak local-rotation difference 29.9° at P3→P4 (frame 110); authority: phase-locked pose.
LeftCarpalRadiusOffset: peak local-rotation difference 53.9° at P3→P4 (frame 109); authority: phase-locked pose.

COMPREHENSIVE PITCHING KINEMATIC REVIEW

HIGH PRIORITY

THE PELVIS→SHOULDER→ARM SEQUENCE SHOWS SHOULDER-LINE ROTATION ARRIVING LATE RELATIVE TO THE ARM EVENTS

Analysis

Pelvis-to-shoulder-to-arm sequencing

What this means

Shoulder-line rotation occurred late relative to the forearm-lag event; lag magnitude or persistence may increase severity.

Current evidence

2 conditions contributed to this SEVERE finding: Shoulder-rotation timing relative to forearm-lag peak: 0.196 normalized pitch time; rule threshold greater than 0.080 normalized pitch time. Peak forearm-direction lag: 169.8°; rule threshold at least 75.0°.

Comparison authority: direct current-pitch evidence.
Evidence quality: Good.
Boundary: Kinematic sequencing proxy; not a diagnosis or direct joint-load measurement.
NEEDS ATTENTION

WRIST-SPEED RAMP PEAK OCCURRED EARLY BEFORE PEAK WRIST SPEED

Analysis

Early wrist-speed ramp timing

What this means

The wrist-speed build peaked early relative to the subject’s own maximum wrist-speed event.

Current evidence

Wrist-speed-build timing relative to peak wrist speed: -0.125 normalized pitch time; rule threshold at most -0.100 normalized pitch time. frame 91

Comparison authority: direct current-pitch evidence.
Evidence quality: Good.
Boundary: Signal-shape timing proxy, not a direct tissue-loading measure.
NEEDS ATTENTION

SHOULDER-LINE ROTATION PEAKS LATE RELATIVE TO THE DISTAL-ARM EVENTS

Analysis

Shoulder-line rotation timing

What this means

The shoulder-line rotation peak occurred late relative to the forearm-lag peak.

Current evidence

Shoulder-rotation timing relative to forearm-lag peak: 0.196 normalized pitch time; rule threshold greater than 0.080 normalized pitch time. frame 80

Comparison authority: direct current-pitch evidence.
Evidence quality: Good.
Boundary: Performance sequencing descriptor; not a direct loading or injury measure.
NEEDS ATTENTION

THROWING-ARM KINEMATIC PROXY INDICATORS WERE ELEVATED

Analysis

Kinematic throwing-arm proxy indicators

What this means

Multiple arm-timing / speed conditions contributed to this finding.

Current evidence

3 conditions contributed to this MODERATE finding: Peak elbow angular speed: 1873.0°/s; rule threshold at least 1800.0°/s. frame 96 Release-window elbow angular speed: 1117.8°/s; rule threshold at least 900.0°/s. release_window Peak forearm-direction lag: 169.8°; rule threshold at least 70.0°. frame 58

Comparison authority: direct current-pitch evidence.
Evidence quality: Good.
Boundary: Kinematic proxy only; it does not measure elbow valgus torque, tissue load or injury risk.
WORTH NOTING

PERSISTENT ELEVATED-ELBOW / UPPER-ARM ORIENTATION AT P2

Analysis

Elevated elbow / upper-arm orientation proxy

What this means

The elevated throwing-elbow / upper-arm orientation persisted through part of P2.

Current evidence

P2 elevated upper-arm persistence: 16.4%; rule threshold at least 15.0%. P2

Comparison authority: direct current-pitch evidence.
Evidence quality: Good.
Boundary: Shape/timing review proxy only. It is not an established injury predictor or diagnosis.
WORTH NOTING

THE ANGLE BETWEEN FOREARM DIRECTION AND WRIST-VELOCITY DIRECTION REMAINED ELEVATED LATE INTO ACCELERATION/RELEASE

Analysis

Late forearm-direction lag timing

What this means

Forearm-direction lag remained elevated close to release.

Current evidence

Release-window forearm-direction lag: 93.7°; rule threshold at least 75.0°. frame 58

Comparison authority: direct current-pitch evidence.
Evidence quality: Good.
Boundary: Kinematic direction/timing proxy; not shoulder external rotation, elbow valgus torque or diagnosis.

COMPARATIVE FINDINGS

No selected-reference comparison rule triggered.

EVIDENCE / DATA-QUALITY FINDINGS

No rule was suppressed by unavailable evidence.

FULL-BODY VALGUS KINEMATIC PROXY PROFILE

  • Evidence grade: Good
  • STRIDE authority: frame 76 / M_STRIDE / mus_RLEG_calf
  • Hip–shoulder separation at STRIDE: 41.15 deg
  • Lead-knee extension STRIDE→P4: 15.60 deg
  • Pelvis forward-velocity reduction STRIDE→P3: 67.88
  • Forward trunk tilt at P4: 27.87 deg
  • Lateral trunk tilt at P4: 18.71 deg
  • Elbow height at P2: -0.305 upper-arm lengths; 11.8 cm (4.7 in) below throwing-shoulder height (30.5% of upper-arm length) @ frame 85 [P2]
  • Humerus angle to vertical at P2: 107.73 deg @ frame 85 [P2]
  • Forearm lag angle at P3: 71.80 deg @ frame 104 [P3]
  • Elbow included angle at P2: 92.35 deg @ frame 85 [P2]
  • Elbow angular-speed peak: 1873.02 deg/s @ frame 96 [NATIVE_DERIVATIVE_PEAK]
  • M-event status: M_EVENTS_GOOD
  • Observed M-event sequence: M1:drive_leg@59 → M_STRIDE:lead_leg@76 → M8:trunk_transfer@77 → M14:distal_arm_layback@98 → M18:throwing_shoulder@110 → M21:wrist_release@110
  • External force-plate evidence was not supplied. Ground-reaction force, moment, centre of pressure and impulse remain unknown; no zero values were assumed.
  • M events and muscle values are motion-derived proxies, not EMG or direct force measurements.

FULL PITCH MECHANICS

  • Three-dimensional foot-centre distance at STRIDE: 115.63 cm @ frame 76 [EVENT_VALUE]
  • Forward stride component at STRIDE: 113.25 cm @ frame 76 [EVENT_VALUE]
  • Lateral stride offset at STRIDE: 22.57 cm @ frame 76 [EVENT_VALUE]
  • Stride direction at STRIDE: 11.3° to the pitcher's left @ frame 76 [STRIDE]
  • Lead-foot orientation at STRIDE: 29.3° to the pitcher's right @ frame 76 [STRIDE]
  • Lead-knee flexion at STRIDE: 68.61 deg @ frame 76 [STRIDE]
  • Lead-knee flexion at P2: 70.02 deg @ frame 85 [EVENT_VALUE]
  • Lead-knee flexion at P4: 53.00 deg @ frame 112 [EVENT_VALUE]
  • Lead-hip flexion at STRIDE: 70.1° flexed @ frame 76 [STRIDE]
  • Lead-ankle sagittal flexion at STRIDE: 59.0° toward plantarflexion @ frame 76 [STRIDE]
  • Lead-knee extension-velocity peak: 238.87 deg/s @ frame 67 [NATIVE_DERIVATIVE_PEAK]
  • Lead-knee extension persistence STRIDE→P4: 0.84 fraction [STRIDE→P4]
  • Lead-knee flexion persistence STRIDE→P4: 0.00 fraction [STRIDE→P4]
  • Hip-to-shoulder separation at STRIDE: 41.15 deg @ frame 76 [STRIDE]
  • Pelvis angular-velocity peak: 779.12 deg/s @ frame 81 [NATIVE_DERIVATIVE_PEAK]
  • Shoulder-line angular-velocity peak: 958.50 deg/s @ frame 82 [NATIVE_DERIVATIVE_PEAK]
  • Forward trunk tilt at P4 / release: 27.87 deg @ frame 112 [P4]
  • Lateral trunk tilt at P4 / release: 18.71 deg @ frame 112 [P4]
  • Peak pelvis midpoint translational speed — global / world space: 277.55 cm/s @ frame 81 [NATIVE_DERIVATIVE_PEAK]
  • Elbow height at P2: -0.305 upper-arm lengths; 11.8 cm (4.7 in) below throwing-shoulder height (30.5% of upper-arm length) @ frame 85 [P2]
  • Humerus angle to vertical at P2: 107.73 deg @ frame 85 [P2]
  • Forearm lag angle at P3: 71.80 deg @ frame 104 [P3]
  • Elbow included angle at P2: 92.35 deg @ frame 85 [P2]
  • Elbow angular-speed peak: 1873.02 deg/s @ frame 96 [NATIVE_DERIVATIVE_PEAK]
  • Wrist-speed build peak: 26371.21 cm/s² @ frame 91 [NATIVE_DERIVATIVE_PEAK]
  • Wrist speed relative to throwing-shoulder position: 1711.81 cm/s @ frame 105 [NATIVE_DERIVATIVE_PEAK]
  • Peak wrist speed — global / world space: 2040.76 cm/s @ frame 104 [NATIVE_DERIVATIVE_PEAK]
  • Peak throwing-shoulder speed — global / world space: 505.72 cm/s @ frame 82 [NATIVE_DERIVATIVE_PEAK]

COMPARATIVE FULL PITCH MECHANICS

Differences below are relative to the selected reference pitch.

Measure Subject Baseline Difference Authority
Three-dimensional foot-centre distance at STRIDE 115.63 cm 119.15 cm -3.51 cm phase-matched pose
Forward stride component at STRIDE 113.25 cm 116.27 cm -3.02 cm phase-matched pose
Lateral stride offset at STRIDE 22.57 cm 25.14 cm -2.57 cm phase-matched pose
Stride direction at STRIDE 11.3° to the pitcher's left 12.2° to the pitcher's left 0.9° further right phase-matched pose
Lead-foot orientation at STRIDE 29.3° to the pitcher's right 27.9° to the pitcher's right 1.5° more off the pitch line phase-matched pose
Lead-knee flexion at STRIDE 68.61 deg 67.23 deg 1.38 deg phase-matched pose
Lead-knee flexion at P2 70.02 deg 67.76 deg 2.27 deg phase-matched pose
Lead-knee flexion at P4 53.00 deg 50.59 deg 2.42 deg phase-matched pose
Lead-hip flexion at STRIDE 70.1° flexed 75.3° flexed -5.19 deg phase-matched pose
Lead-ankle sagittal flexion at STRIDE 59.0° toward plantarflexion 60.1° toward plantarflexion 1.15 deg phase-matched pose
Lead-knee extension-velocity peak 238.87 deg/s 171.75 deg/s 67.12 deg/s native speed/acceleration magnitude
Lead-knee extension persistence STRIDE→P4 0.84 fraction 0.86 fraction -0.02 fraction phase-normalized shape
Lead-knee flexion persistence STRIDE→P4 0.00 fraction 0.12 fraction -0.12 fraction phase-normalized shape
Hip-to-shoulder separation at STRIDE 41.15 deg 45.47 deg -4.33 deg phase-matched pose
Pelvis angular-velocity peak 779.12 deg/s 759.21 deg/s 19.91 deg/s native speed/acceleration magnitude
Shoulder-line angular-velocity peak 958.50 deg/s 973.13 deg/s -14.63 deg/s native speed/acceleration magnitude
Forward trunk tilt at P4 / release 27.87 deg 29.82 deg -1.95 deg phase-matched pose
Lateral trunk tilt at P4 / release 18.71 deg 20.31 deg -1.60 deg phase-matched pose
Peak pelvis midpoint translational speed — global / world space 277.55 cm/s 187.96 cm/s 89.60 cm/s native speed/acceleration magnitude
Elbow height at P2 -0.305 upper-arm lengths; 11.8 cm (4.7 in) below throwing-shoulder height (30.5% of upper-arm length) -0.341 upper-arm lengths; 13.2 cm (5.2 in) below throwing-shoulder height (34.1% of upper-arm length) +0.037 upper-arm lengths; 1.4 cm (0.5 in) higher relative to the throwing shoulder phase-matched pose
Humerus angle to vertical at P2 107.73 deg 109.94 deg -2.21 deg phase-matched pose
Forearm lag angle at P3 71.80 deg 74.26 deg -2.46 deg phase-matched pose
Elbow included angle at P2 92.35 deg 89.92 deg 2.42 deg phase-matched pose
Elbow angular-speed peak 1873.02 deg/s 1752.39 deg/s 120.63 deg/s native speed/acceleration magnitude
Wrist-speed build peak 26371.21 cm/s² 32605.51 cm/s² -6234.30 cm/s² native speed/acceleration magnitude
Wrist speed relative to throwing-shoulder position 1711.81 cm/s 1635.07 cm/s 76.75 cm/s native speed/acceleration magnitude
Peak wrist speed — global / world space 2040.76 cm/s 1822.43 cm/s 218.34 cm/s native speed/acceleration magnitude
Peak throwing-shoulder speed — global / world space 505.72 cm/s 424.66 cm/s 81.07 cm/s native speed/acceleration magnitude

MAIN TIMING DELTAS

Measure Subject Baseline Difference Authority
Wrist-speed build peak timing 91.00 frames 115.00 frames -24.00 frames native timing
STRIDE-to-P4 interval 36.00 frames 41.00 frames -5.00 frames native timing
STRIDE-to-P3 interval 28.00 frames 30.00 frames -2.00 frames native timing
Global wrist-speed peak frame 104.00 frames 106.00 frames -2.00 frames native timing
STRIDE-to-P2 interval 9.00 frames 10.00 frames -1.00 frames native timing
Wrist speed relative to throwing-shoulder position 105.00 frames 106.00 frames -1.00 frames native timing
STRIDE-to-P4 interval 0.18 s 0.21 s -0.03 s native timing
STRIDE-to-P3 interval 0.14 s 0.15 s -0.01 s native timing

MAIN MAGNITUDE DELTAS

Measure Subject Baseline Difference Authority
Wrist-speed build peak 26371.21 cm/s² 32605.51 cm/s² -6234.30 cm/s² native speed/acceleration magnitude
Peak wrist speed — global / world space 2040.76 cm/s 1822.43 cm/s 218.34 cm/s native speed/acceleration magnitude
Hip-rotation speed peak from P1 to P4 671.36 deg/s 464.17 deg/s 207.19 deg/s native speed/acceleration magnitude
Elbow angular-speed peak 1873.02 deg/s 1752.39 deg/s 120.63 deg/s native speed/acceleration magnitude
Peak pelvis midpoint translational speed — global / world space 277.55 cm/s 187.96 cm/s 89.60 cm/s native speed/acceleration magnitude
Peak hip-centre speed from P1 to P4 270.71 cm/s 187.35 cm/s 83.36 cm/s native speed/acceleration magnitude
Peak throwing-shoulder speed — global / world space 505.72 cm/s 424.66 cm/s 81.07 cm/s native speed/acceleration magnitude
Hip rotation velocity at P4 -74.11 deg/s 2.85 deg/s -76.96 deg/s native speed/acceleration magnitude

PLANT AND LOWER BODY

Measure Subject Baseline Difference Authority
Three-dimensional foot-centre distance at STRIDE 115.63 cm 119.15 cm -3.51 cm phase-matched pose
Forward stride component at STRIDE 113.25 cm 116.27 cm -3.02 cm phase-matched pose
Lateral stride offset at STRIDE 22.57 cm 25.14 cm -2.57 cm phase-matched pose
Stride direction at STRIDE 11.27 deg 12.20 deg -0.93 deg phase-matched pose
Lead-foot orientation at STRIDE 29.32 deg 27.86 deg 1.46 deg phase-matched pose
Lead-knee flexion at STRIDE 68.61 deg 67.23 deg 1.38 deg phase-matched pose
Lead-knee flexion at P2 70.02 deg 67.76 deg 2.27 deg phase-matched pose
Lead-knee flexion at P4 53.00 deg 50.59 deg 2.42 deg phase-matched pose
Lead-hip flexion at STRIDE 70.15 deg 75.34 deg -5.19 deg phase-matched pose
Lead-ankle sagittal flexion at STRIDE -58.97 deg -60.12 deg 1.15 deg phase-matched pose
Lead-knee extension-velocity peak 238.87 deg/s 171.75 deg/s 67.12 deg/s native speed/acceleration magnitude
Lead-knee extension persistence STRIDE→P4 0.84 fraction 0.86 fraction -0.02 fraction phase-normalized shape
Lead-knee flexion persistence STRIDE→P4 0.00 fraction 0.12 fraction -0.12 fraction phase-normalized shape

PELVIS AND TRUNK

Measure Subject Baseline Difference Authority
Hip-to-shoulder separation at STRIDE 41.15 deg 45.47 deg -4.33 deg phase-matched pose
Pelvis angular-velocity peak 779.12 deg/s 759.21 deg/s 19.91 deg/s native speed/acceleration magnitude
Shoulder-line angular-velocity peak 958.50 deg/s 973.13 deg/s -14.63 deg/s native speed/acceleration magnitude
Forward trunk tilt at P4 / release 27.87 deg 29.82 deg -1.95 deg phase-matched pose
Lateral trunk tilt at P4 / release 18.71 deg 20.31 deg -1.60 deg phase-matched pose
Peak pelvis midpoint translational speed — global / world space 277.55 cm/s 187.96 cm/s 89.60 cm/s native speed/acceleration magnitude

THROWING ARM

Measure Subject Baseline Difference Authority
Elbow height at P2 -0.305 upper-arm lengths (30.5% of upper-arm length below throwing-shoulder height) -0.341 upper-arm lengths (34.1% of upper-arm length below throwing-shoulder height) +0.037 upper-arm lengths (3.7% of upper-arm length higher relative to the throwing shoulder) phase-matched pose
Humerus angle to vertical at P2 107.73 deg 109.94 deg -2.21 deg phase-matched pose
Forearm lag angle at P3 71.80 deg 74.26 deg -2.46 deg phase-matched pose
Elbow included angle at P2 92.35 deg 89.92 deg 2.42 deg phase-matched pose
Elbow angular-speed peak 1873.02 deg/s 1752.39 deg/s 120.63 deg/s native speed/acceleration magnitude
Wrist-speed build peak 26371.21 cm/s² 32605.51 cm/s² -6234.30 cm/s² native speed/acceleration magnitude
Wrist speed relative to throwing-shoulder position 1711.81 cm/s 1635.07 cm/s 76.75 cm/s native speed/acceleration magnitude
Peak wrist speed — global / world space 2040.76 cm/s 1822.43 cm/s 218.34 cm/s native speed/acceleration magnitude
Peak throwing-shoulder speed — global / world space 505.72 cm/s 424.66 cm/s 81.07 cm/s native speed/acceleration magnitude

INTEGRATED WHOLE-CHAIN COMPARISON

At the calf-defined STRIDE frame, three-dimensional stride length was 115.6 cm for the subject and 119.1 cm for the phase-locked baseline (3.5 cm shorter). Lead-knee flexion was 68.6° for the subject and 67.2° for the phase-locked baseline (1.4° more flexed). From P1 to STRIDE, pelvis rotation was 60.0° for the subject and 55.2° for the phase-locked baseline (4.8° greater); shoulder-line rotation was 23.0° and 11.7° respectively (11.3° greater). Hip-to-shoulder separation at STRIDE was 41.1° and 45.5° (4.3° lower). Peak forearm lag was 169.8° for the subject and 152.2° for the phase-locked baseline (17.5° greater). Native maximum wrist speed was 1711.8 cm/s and 1635.1 cm/s (76.7 cm/s faster); native wrist-speed build peak was 26371.2 cm/s² and 32605.5 cm/s² (6234.3 cm/s² lower). The largest complete whole-chain timing difference was wrist-speed build order: the subject wrist-speed build peak occurred 14 frames before maximum wrist speed, whereas the native baseline wrist-speed build peak occurred 9 frames after maximum wrist speed. The event positions differed by 23 frames. This integrated comparison uses the phase-locked baseline for pose and geometry, and the native baseline for timing and speed/acceleration magnitude.

TIMING DIFFERENCES — NATIVE BASELINE

Measure Subject Baseline Difference Authority
STRIDE-to-P2 interval 9.00 frames 10.00 frames -1.00 frames native timing
STRIDE-to-P2 interval 0.04 s 0.05 s -0.01 s native timing
STRIDE-to-P3 interval 28.00 frames 30.00 frames -2.00 frames native timing
STRIDE-to-P3 interval 0.14 s 0.15 s -0.01 s native timing
STRIDE-to-P4 interval 36.00 frames 41.00 frames -5.00 frames native timing
STRIDE-to-P4 interval 0.18 s 0.21 s -0.03 s native timing
Elbow angular-speed peak timing 96.00 frames 96.00 frames 0.00 frames native timing
Wrist-speed build peak timing 91.00 frames 115.00 frames -24.00 frames native timing
Wrist speed relative to throwing-shoulder position 105.00 frames 106.00 frames -1.00 frames native timing
Global wrist-speed peak frame 104.00 frames 106.00 frames -2.00 frames native timing

POSE AND GEOMETRY DIFFERENCES — PHASE-LOCKED BASELINE

Measure Subject Baseline Difference Authority
Stride length at P2 106.21 cm 107.55 cm -1.34 cm phase-matched pose
Stride length at P2 (audit) 106.21 cm 107.55 cm -1.34 cm phase-matched pose
Stride length at P2 (inches) 41.81 in 42.34 in -0.53 in phase-matched pose
Stride length at P2 audit (inches) 41.81 in 42.34 in -0.53 in phase-matched pose
Three-dimensional stride length at STRIDE 115.63 cm 119.15 cm -3.51 cm phase-matched pose
Three-dimensional foot-centre distance at STRIDE 115.63 cm 119.15 cm -3.51 cm phase-matched pose
Horizontal foot-centre distance at STRIDE 115.48 cm 118.96 cm -3.48 cm phase-matched pose
Vertical foot-centre separation at STRIDE -5.97 cm -6.70 cm 0.73 cm phase-matched pose
Forward stride component at STRIDE 113.25 cm 116.27 cm -3.02 cm phase-matched pose
Lateral stride offset at STRIDE 22.57 cm 25.14 cm -2.57 cm phase-matched pose
Stride direction at STRIDE 11.27 deg 12.20 deg -0.93 deg phase-matched pose
Stride length at STRIDE (inches) 45.53 in 46.91 in -1.38 in phase-matched pose
Lead-knee angle at P2 109.98 deg 112.24 deg -2.27 deg phase-matched pose
Lead-knee angle at P4 127.00 deg 129.41 deg -2.42 deg phase-matched pose
Lead-knee included angle at P2 109.98 deg 112.24 deg -2.27 deg phase-matched pose
Lead-knee included angle at P4 127.00 deg 129.41 deg -2.42 deg phase-matched pose
Lead-knee flexion at P2 70.02 deg 67.76 deg 2.27 deg phase-matched pose
Lead-knee flexion at P4 53.00 deg 50.59 deg 2.42 deg phase-matched pose
Lead-knee included angle at STRIDE 111.39 deg 112.77 deg -1.38 deg phase-matched pose
Lead-knee flexion at STRIDE 68.61 deg 67.23 deg 1.38 deg phase-matched pose
Back-knee angle at P2 147.12 deg 142.23 deg 4.88 deg phase-matched pose
Back-knee angle at P4 83.51 deg 99.59 deg -16.07 deg phase-matched pose
Back-knee included angle at P2 147.12 deg 142.23 deg 4.88 deg phase-matched pose
Back-knee included angle at P4 83.51 deg 99.59 deg -16.07 deg phase-matched pose
Back-knee flexion at P2 32.88 deg 37.77 deg -4.88 deg phase-matched pose
Back-knee flexion at P4 96.49 deg 80.41 deg 16.07 deg phase-matched pose
Back-knee included angle at STRIDE 153.11 deg 144.54 deg 8.57 deg phase-matched pose
Drive-knee flexion at STRIDE 26.89 deg 35.46 deg -8.57 deg phase-matched pose
Hip–shoulder separation at P1 4.11 deg 1.99 deg 2.12 deg phase-matched pose
Hip–shoulder separation at P2 33.49 deg 35.33 deg -1.84 deg phase-matched pose
Hip–shoulder separation at P3 6.48 deg 2.77 deg 3.71 deg phase-matched pose
Hip–shoulder separation at P4 6.75 deg 4.83 deg 1.92 deg phase-matched pose
Hip-to-shoulder separation at STRIDE 41.15 deg 45.47 deg -4.33 deg phase-matched pose
Pelvis rotation from P1 to STRIDE 60.03 deg 55.22 deg 4.81 deg phase-matched pose
Shoulder-line rotation from P1 to STRIDE 22.99 deg 11.73 deg 11.26 deg phase-matched pose
Pelvis rotation from STRIDE to P2 35.77 deg 38.15 deg -2.38 deg phase-matched pose
Shoulder-line rotation from STRIDE to P2 43.43 deg 48.29 deg -4.86 deg phase-matched pose
Forearm-lag peak 169.75 deg 152.20 deg 17.55 deg phase-matched pose
Lead-foot orientation at STRIDE 29.32 deg 27.86 deg 1.46 deg phase-matched pose
Lead-knee flexion at STRIDE 68.61 deg 67.23 deg 1.38 deg phase-matched pose
Lead-knee flexion at P2 70.02 deg 67.76 deg 2.27 deg phase-matched pose
Lead-knee flexion at P4 53.00 deg 50.59 deg 2.42 deg phase-matched pose
Lead-hip flexion at STRIDE 70.15 deg 75.34 deg -5.19 deg phase-matched pose
Lead-ankle sagittal flexion at STRIDE -58.97 deg -60.12 deg 1.15 deg phase-matched pose
Hip-to-shoulder separation at STRIDE 41.15 deg 45.47 deg -4.33 deg phase-matched pose
Forward trunk tilt at P4 / release 27.87 deg 29.82 deg -1.95 deg phase-matched pose
Lateral trunk tilt at P4 / release 18.71 deg 20.31 deg -1.60 deg phase-matched pose
Elbow height at P2 -0.305 upper-arm lengths (30.5% of upper-arm length below throwing-shoulder height) -0.341 upper-arm lengths (34.1% of upper-arm length below throwing-shoulder height) +0.037 upper-arm lengths (3.7% of upper-arm length higher relative to the throwing shoulder) phase-matched pose
Humerus angle to vertical at P2 107.73 deg 109.94 deg -2.21 deg phase-matched pose
Forearm lag angle at P3 71.80 deg 74.26 deg -2.46 deg phase-matched pose
Elbow included angle at P2 92.35 deg 89.92 deg 2.42 deg phase-matched pose

NATIVE SPEED AND ACCELERATION DIFFERENCES — NATIVE BASELINE

Measure Subject Baseline Difference Authority
Hip-rotation speed peak from P1 to P4 671.36 deg/s 464.17 deg/s 207.19 deg/s native speed/acceleration magnitude
Mean hip rotation velocity from P1 to P4 354.05 deg/s 340.61 deg/s 13.44 deg/s native speed/acceleration magnitude
Hip rotation velocity at P2 155.47 deg/s 138.73 deg/s 16.74 deg/s native speed/acceleration magnitude
Hip rotation velocity at P4 -74.11 deg/s 2.85 deg/s -76.96 deg/s native speed/acceleration magnitude
Pelvis angular velocity at STRIDE 720.48 deg/s 706.01 deg/s 14.47 deg/s native speed/acceleration magnitude
Shoulder-line angular velocity at STRIDE 844.47 deg/s 782.11 deg/s 62.36 deg/s native speed/acceleration magnitude
Peak hip-centre speed from P1 to P4 270.71 cm/s 187.35 cm/s 83.36 cm/s native speed/acceleration magnitude
Mean hip-centre speed from P1 to P4 127.93 cm/s 121.56 cm/s 6.37 cm/s native speed/acceleration magnitude
Hip-centre speed at P2 190.78 cm/s 134.70 cm/s 56.08 cm/s native speed/acceleration magnitude
Hip-centre speed at P4 110.84 cm/s 139.84 cm/s -29.00 cm/s native speed/acceleration magnitude
Elbow angular-speed peak 1873.02 deg/s 1752.39 deg/s 120.63 deg/s native speed/acceleration magnitude
Wrist-speed build peak 26371.21 cm/s² 32605.51 cm/s² -6234.30 cm/s² native speed/acceleration magnitude
Wrist speed relative to throwing-shoulder position 1711.81 cm/s 1635.07 cm/s 76.75 cm/s native speed/acceleration magnitude
Peak wrist speed — global / world space 2040.76 cm/s 1822.43 cm/s 218.34 cm/s native speed/acceleration magnitude
Peak throwing-shoulder speed — global / world space 505.72 cm/s 424.66 cm/s 81.07 cm/s native speed/acceleration magnitude
Peak pelvis midpoint translational speed — global / world space 277.55 cm/s 187.96 cm/s 89.60 cm/s native speed/acceleration magnitude
Lead-knee extension-velocity peak 238.87 deg/s 171.75 deg/s 67.12 deg/s native speed/acceleration magnitude
Pelvis angular-velocity peak 779.12 deg/s 759.21 deg/s 19.91 deg/s native speed/acceleration magnitude
Shoulder-line angular-velocity peak 958.50 deg/s 973.13 deg/s -14.63 deg/s native speed/acceleration magnitude

EVIDENCE QUALITY AND LIMITATIONS

Subject full-body profile quality: Good. Native baseline full-body profile quality: Good. Phase-locked baseline profile quality: Good. STRIDE authority: PROVISIONAL_MUSCLE_DERIVED_CALF_PEAK. STRIDE is a motion-derived event estimate and is not a force-plate contact measurement. Rule thresholds are engineering/reference-relative criteria; they are not population-normalized clinical cut-points. External force, moment, torque, tissue load and injury probability are unavailable unless separately measured.

RUN PROVENANCE

Baseline: FB_Liam-2C__3292761730218b20. Detailed runtime/build provenance is preserved in the per-take build-identity artifact.

UNAVAILABLE OR SUPPRESSED ANALYSES

No rule was suppressed by unavailable evidence.

RULES EVALUATED

  • Early wrist-speed ramp timing: Moderate deviation
  • Elevated elbow / upper-arm orientation proxy: Minor deviation
  • Late forearm-direction lag timing: Minor deviation
  • Lead-knee post-plant persistence: Pass
  • Pelvis-to-shoulder-to-arm sequencing: Major deviation
  • Shoulder-line rotation timing: Moderate deviation
  • Kinematic throwing-arm proxy indicators: Moderate deviation

FIRED RULES AND OUTCOMES

  • Pelvis-to-shoulder-to-arm sequencing — SEVERE
  • Early wrist-speed ramp timing — MODERATE
  • Shoulder-line rotation timing — MODERATE
  • Kinematic throwing-arm proxy indicators — MODERATE
  • Elevated elbow / upper-arm orientation proxy — MILD
  • Late forearm-direction lag timing — MILD

Muscle Contribution Highlights

Note: These values are motion-derived muscle-contribution proxies inferred from kinematic channels. They are not EMG measurements. Peak contribution values were saturated across the compared groups, so mean contribution and duration above 50% are more informative for this take.

  • Higher mean contribution: Throwing Shoulder (+32.1%), Trunk Transfer (+11.1%)
  • Lower mean contribution: Lead / Plant Leg (-13.7%), Drive Leg (-6.9%), Wrist / Forearm Release (-5.4%)
  • Higher duration above 50%: Trunk Transfer (+6.6pp)
  • Lower duty duration: Drive Leg (-7.1pp)

Largest individual mean/duty shifts

  • RARM triceps: mean -34.9%, duty >50% -6.2pp
  • RARM pec: mean +23.7%, duty >50% +8.0pp
  • SPINE pec R: mean +23.7%, duty >50% +8.0pp
  • RARM wrist flex: mean +20.5%, duty >50% +3.5pp
  • RLEG hamstring: mean -20.9%, duty >50% -2.7pp

Handedness: subject left, baseline left. Role-based groups were resolved before comparison.